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  • 1.
    Assénova-Walström, Elin
    et al.
    Malmö högskola, Faculty of Health and Society (HS).
    Nilsson, Maria
    Malmö högskola, Faculty of Health and Society (HS).
    Att förebygga osteoporos i ett tidigt skede2011Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Osteoporosis has during the last decades developed into one of the bigger common diseases. Each year around 70 000 people in Sweden suffers from fractures related to osteoporosis, with women being the majority. There is a 50 % risk that a swedish woman at some point during her lifetime will suffer from an osteoporosis related fracture. The rate at which a woman loses her bone density and how dense it initially was, determines whether she will get osteoporosis and early prevention is therefore imperative. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight preventive measures for pre-menopausal women and prevent primary osteoporosis. Method: The method used was a literature study consisting of ten scientific articles based on quantitative research. Result: The result showed that a daily intake of green and yellow vegetables has a positive affect on density. One year of supplements with either vitamin D, calcium or MMN- calcium increased the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in women with a lack of vitamin D. Physical activity such as twelve month of high impact exercise increased the bone density in loaded bones in the lower extremities and in upper lumbar spine (L1). Professional athletes had a higher bone density compared with non professional athletes, and professional athletes doing high impact exercise had a higher BMD than those who practiced medium and low impact exercise. The effect of physical activity on bone density is not greater when combined with calcium intake. Measuring bone density and education regarding osteoporosis showed to be an effective way for lifestyle changes. Smoking and passive smoking has showed to have a negative effect on bone density as those who smoked or were considered passive smokers had a lower BMD. Conclusion: The conclusion of the results shows important factors needed by nurses when working to prevent primary osteoporosis in pre- menopausal women. The nurse can with the knowledge from the literature study educate patients regarding measures that are rather simple to follow. However, more research is needed to strengthen and improve the evidence regarding preventive measure.

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