This chapter is an historical overview of the debate and politics regarding the forestry technique "clear-cutting" in Sweden. It was presented by radical young foresters in the last years of the 19th century, but came to its' hayday in the mid-20th century. Clearcutting was the modern way of harvesting timber: Big-scale, efficient, mechanised. In the 1970ies, clear-cutting met its' protesters among environmentalists, and was heavily questioned, even though it still is the dominating harvesting method in the first years of the 21st century. The one argument that actually influenced the method a little was formed upon the basis of the value of biological diversity, which, according to environmentalists, was threatened by the modern forestry regime.