Health care workers are daily exposed to the risk of perforation, and injury. There are a number of laws and guidelines that order how health professionals should work to avoid this. However, we argue, that adherence to procedures and guide-lines on patients with blood infections are inadequate. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence health professional’s adherence to guidelines in the care of patients with blood contamination. The study conducted a literature review in which ten articles were reviewed. After analysis of the articles individ-ual and organizational factors affecting compliance were identified. The organiza-tional factors were manning, protective/safety climate, management and timing. The individual factors were related to knowledge, experience and attitudes. Re-garding the staffing issue, several studies proved a connection between workload and increased risk of perforation, and injury. Compliance was affected by the availability of protective equipment. Several studies showed that the skills of health workers varied. Most chose not to use protective equipment when the pa-tient had a not known blood infection.