• Associations between Risky Lifestyles and Involvement in Violent Crim...
  Engström, Alexander   Journal article in Victims & Offenders; : Taylor & Francis (2018)	Journal article

  

  

  English abstract:

  Research shows that violent victimization and offending often overlap, and that both outcomes may be related to a risky lifestyle. The author therefore aimed to examine the associations between a risky lifestyle and the probability of being involved in violence as a victim only, offender only, or as a victim-offender, compared with being a total abstainer. In multinomial logistic regression models with data from a sample of adolescents (N = 490), a risky lifestyle was related to a higher probability of crime involvement across all groups compared with total abstainers. However, the significance of specific indicators of a risky lifestyle varied across the different outcomes. Spending a lot of time in the city center at night and frequently being inebriated were related to a higher risk of being a victim only, whereas peer deviance increased the risk for being an offender only. Frequent exposure to criminogenic settings and often being inebriated were related to a higher risk of being a victim-offender. The results indicate that studies on crime involvement and lifestyle must consider each kind of involvement separately. However, not many girls were involved in violent crime as offenders only or victim-offenders, indicating that girls may have risky lifestyles without committing acts of violence.

  Associations be ... ime during Adolescence.pdf   (1.850Mb)

  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15564886.2018.1503984

• Efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing white spot lesions during ...
  Abdulraheem, Salem  : Malmö universitet/Odontologiska fakulteten (2018)	Master thesis (one year)

  

  

  English abstract:

  Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel fluoride varnish (NFPV, Fluor Protector S) in preventing development of white spot lesions in adolescents undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Material and methods: 185 patients aged between 12 and 18 years planned for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance were randomized into varnish or placebo group. The varnish group received a varnish with the active ingredient ammonium fluoride and the placebo group received a similar varnish but without ammonium fluoride. All patients received treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance in the upper arch for a period of more than one year, and before bonding all patients had three intra-oral photos. Varnish in both groups was applied on the maxillary anterior teeth and premolars during every check-up at the orthodontic clinic (every 6 weeks). After debond, the composite on the teeth was carefully removed using carbide bur and three new intra-oral photos were taken. Finally, white spot lesions (WSL) were evaluated and scored on a monitor in a dark room using Gorelick scoring index. Results: 66 patients of the 185 patients were debonded and represent the final number of patients included in present master thesis. The incidence of WSL after debond was 19.9% in the test group and 18.1% in the placebo group, respectively. No statistically significant difference between the groups was recorded. Conclusion: Based on the limited amount of the patients in present master thesis, the null hypothesis was confirmed, there is no additional benefit to apply ammonium fluoride varnish during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance to reduce the incidence of WSL.

  Abdulraheem Salem final 1 February .doc   (811.0Kb)

• Caries experience and risk assessment in 6-year-olds and 14-year-olds...
  Almujaweb, Turki  : Malmö universitet/Odontologiska fakulteten (2018)	Master thesis (two year)

  

  

  English abstract:

  Aim: to study if children with caries in primary teeth at age 6 had more caries in permanent teeth at age 14 compared to children who were caries-free at age 6. Besides that, if children who were judged as having high caries risk at age 14 had higher DMFT than children with low caries risk in the same age, and if children with high caries risk at age 14 had higher dmft at age 6 than children with low/moderate risk at age 14. Method: Dental records from 2655 15-year-olds were reviewed by two investigators. Information was collected on background information (age, gender, medical status), dmft value and risk assessment at age 6, DMFT value and risk assessment at age 14. Results: Individuals with higher dmft values at age 6 had higher DMFT values at age 14 years. Individuals who were judged as low/moderate risk individuals at age 14 showed less caries experience than individuals who were judged as high/ very high risk individuals. The individuals who were judged as low/moderate risk individuals at age 14 showed less caries experience at age 6 and report less dmft value than individuals who were judged as high/ very high risk individuals. Conclusion: Individuals with higher caries experience at young age had higher DMFT values and were judged as high caries risk individuals at age 14. Therefore, dmft value at young age can be used as a predictor for future carious experience in adolescence.

  Almujaweb-Feb2018 - Final.doc   (775.1Kb)

• Artifacts in MRI caused by different types of fixed orthodontic appli...
  Alqabandi, Fahad; Sonesson, Mikeal; Hellén-Halme, Kristina  : Malmö universitet/Odontologiska fakulteten (2018)	Master thesis (two year)

  

  

  English abstract:

  Aims: The overall aim was to establish the degree of artifacts made by orthodontic appliances in MRI. Specific aim was to investigate if any sequences applied at the investigation could improve the images quality. Materials and Methods: Twelve frequently used orthodontic appliances were tested. The appliances were cemented/bonded on twelve study casts placed in translucent plastic boxes filled with water and contrast. The MRI expositions were performed in a 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla scanners respectively (1.5 T: MAGNETOM AvantoFit, 3 T: MAGNETOM Trio, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The used imaging sequences to reduce the artifacts were 1) turbo spin echo (TSE), 2) TSE combined with view angle tilting (VAT), and 3) TSE with both VAT and slice encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC). Results: After the MR imaging and the artifacts reduce imaging sequences technique (TSE, TSE combined with VAT and TSE with VAT and SEMANC) the Orto-pro nickel free brackets showed the largest amount of image artifacts, while the gold chain, titanium brackets and buccal mini-screws showed smallest artifact. TSE with both VAT and SEMAC artifact reduction imaging sequences were the best sequence to improve MRI quality. Conclusion: Titanium brackets showed the smallest artifact compared to conventional and nickel free brackets. TSE with both VAT and SEMAC imaging sequence to reduce the artifacts was superior in improving image quality than the TES and TES combined with VAT.

  Alqabandi.Fahad .docx   (6.575Mb)

• Impact of peri-implant buccal bone thickness, implant fixture diamete...
  Ahmad, Salman  : Malmö universitet/Odontologiska fakulteten (2018)	Master thesis (two year)

  

  

  English abstract:

  Abstract Aim: To evaluate the impact of peri-implant buccal bone thickness, implant fixture diameter, abutment material (Titanium Ti, Zirconium Zr) and/or prosthetic reconstruction material (metal ceramic vs ceramic) on the accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to assess peri-implant buccal bone level. Materials and methods: Titanium implants were inserted into 36 blocks of pig mandible in a way to create variable buccal bone thicknesses groups, each group with 12 blocks; group 1 (0.5-1 mm), group 2 (>1-1.5 mm) and group 3 (>1.5-2 mm), half of each group received a dehiscence which was created of variable extent. Two groups regarding abutment-crown material; (Ti abutment with CoCr crown, Zr abutment with Zr crown) and implant diameter; (standard/narrow) were assessed. Dehiscences were measured on CBCT image using 2 programs (i-Dixel and Photoshop) and were compared to the gold standard. Results: Thin buccal bone thickness group (0.5-1 mm) had major impact on the accuracy of CBCT to correctly detect and measure the extent of a bony dehiscence. No differences were detected between standard or narrow diameter implant and between TiTi/CoCr combination and TiZr/Zr combination in regards to possibility of CBCT to detect and evaluate accurately the extent of a bony dehiscence. Conclusion: Thin peri-implant buccal bone (≤ 1 mm) has a negative effect on the accuracy of CBCT to assess peri-implant buccal bone level. The possibility to identify and to assess the extent of peri-implant buccal bone dehiscence in CBCT was hardly affected by using different abutments and crown materials and different implant diameters.

View more