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MUEP: Recent submissions
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Health and capabilities : a conceptual clarification. 
Tengland, Per-Anders
Journal article in Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy; : Springer (2019)Journal article 
English abstract: There are great health disparities in the world today, both between countries and within them. This problem might be seen as related to the access to various kinds of capabilities. It is not fully clear, however, what the exact relation is between health and capabilities. Neither Amartya Sen nor Martha Nussbaum has explicitly formulated a theory of health to go with their theories of capabilities. This paper attempts to present a clarification of the conceptual relation between health and capabilities. Health, it is argued, should be seen as a holistic multi-dimensional phenomenon, made up of basic abilities and subjective well-being, and of fundamental states and processes. Using this theory, the paper shows how health is related to Nussbaum's ten capabilities. It is argued that health, in the senses described, is a necessary part of all ten capabilities. Moreover, some of the capabilities on Nussbaum's list, such as thinking and imagining, and practical reasoning, refer to health. Finally, it is shown that even though health is part of all capabilities, health cannot itself primarily be seen as a capability. An acceptable degree of health is required as a functioning for any theory of human flourishing to be reasonable. 
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11019-019-09902-w
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Bisphosphonates and mortality: confounding in observational studies?
Bergman, J; Nordström, A; Hommel, Ami; Kivipelto, M; Nordström, P
Journal article in Osteoporosis International; : Springer (2019)Journal article
English abstract: Numerous observational studies suggest that bisphosphonates reduce mortality. This study showed that bisphosphonate use is associated with lower mortality within days of treatment, although the association was not significant until the second week. Such an early association is consistent with confounding, although an early treatment effect cannot be ruled out. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine whether confounding explains why numerous observational studies show that bisphosphonate use is associated with lower mortality. To this end, we examined how soon after treatment initiation a lower mortality rate can be observed. We hypothesized that, due to confounding, the association would be observed immediately. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of hip fracture patients discharged from Swedish hospitals between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2015. The data covered 260,574 hip fracture patients and were obtained from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register and national registers. Of the 260,574 patients, 49,765 met all eligibility criteria and 10,178 were pair matched (bisphosphonate users to controls) using time-dependent propensity scores. The matching variables were age, sex, diagnoses, prescription medications, type of hip fracture, type of surgical procedure, known or suspected dementia, and physical functioning status. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 2922 of the 10,178 matched patients died. The mortality rate was 7.9 deaths per 100 person-years in bisphosphonate users and 9.4 deaths in controls, which corresponded to a 15% lower mortality rate in bisphosphonate users (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.79-0.91). The risk of death was lower in bisphosphonate users from day 6 of treatment, although the association was not significant until the second week. CONCLUSION: Bisphosphonate use was associated with lower mortality within days of treatment initiation. This finding is consistent with confounding, although an early treatment effect cannot be ruled out. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00198-019-05097-1
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Making Mundane Magical - Analyzing Vlogger-Audience Interaction in Yo...
Aspinen, Maria : Malmö universitet/Kultur och samhälle (2019) Master thesis (one year)
English abstract: In the past decades a lot of research has been dedicated to widening the understanding of different media audiences, as well as to determining the motivations behind both, creation of user-generated content (UGC) as well as audience behavior. This thesis seeks to broaden this knowledge by studying vloggers and their interaction with their audiences. Instead of asking the audience members: In what ways are the vloggers an influence on you, this thesis asks: “Can the audience be a source of inspiration and influence for vloggers? The thesis aims also at recognizing typicality’s in vloggers audio-visual content as well as strategical approaches for audience engagement. Approach in order to find answers to the set questions is critical yet humanistic. Empirical research is divided in two parts, of which the first is done by qualitative content analysis and the second part by semi-structured interviews. The aim of this multimethod approach is to get a broad yet deep view on this commercial, and contemporary storytelling form. Appadurai’s five scape- theory is used as the theoretical framework, and the research findings as well as conclusions are also viewed through other recent studies from media and communications field. -
Röstbaserade Instruktioner - Vad som krävs för att göra sig förstådd
Nilsson, Marcus : Malmö universitet/Kultur och samhälle (2019) Bachelor thesis
Swedish abstract: Instruktioner i ljudform är något man sällan stöter på, såvida de inte ackompanjeras av video. Vanligast är dock text- och bildinstruktioner. Detta arbete utforskar om instruktioner i ljudform kan stå på egna ben, vilka begränsningar det finns och vad man bör tänka på för att skapa tydliga ljudinstruktioner. Detta uppnås genom en iterativ process där jag testar ett flertal prototyper baserade på två olika användningsområden för instruktioner. Med bakning testar jag enkla instruktioner där ordning och precision inte är kritiskt avgörande. Med Lego testar jag komplicerade processer där varje stegs framgång hänger på att de tidigare stegen blivit korrekt utförda. Oavsett hur avancerade instruktionerna är så spelar språket stor roll. Ju mer komplicerade processerna är desto viktigare är användarens språkkunskaper samt uppläsarens uttal och frasering. Det testerna visar är att endast enklare typer av instruktioner lämpar sig i röstbaserad form. Faktorerna som påverkar röstinstruktioners tillämplighet är processens komplexitet, språk-kompatibilitet, diktion, samt förkunskaper. -
Exploring Existential Loneliness Among Frail Older People as a Basis ...
Edberg, Anna-Karin; Bolmsjö, Ingrid
Journal article in JMIR Research Protocols;8 : JMIR (2019)Journal article
English abstract: BACKGROUND: International research concerning end-of-life issues emphasizes the importance of health care professionals (HCPs) being prepared to deal with existential aspects, like loneliness, in order to provide adequate care. The last phase of life is often related to losses of different kinds, which might trigger feelings of isolation in general and existential loneliness (EL) in particular. There is a large body of research concerning loneliness among older people in general, but little is known about the phenomenon and concept of EL in old age. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the framing, design, and first results of the exploratory phase of an intervention study focusing on EL among older people: the LONE study. This stage of the study corresponds to the development phase, according to the Medical Research Council framework for designing complex interventions. METHODS: The LONE study contains both theoretical and empirical studies concerning: (1) identifying the evidence base; (2) identifying and developing theory through individual and focus group interviews with frail older people, significant others, and HCPs; and (3) modeling process and outcomes for the intervention. This project involves sensitive issues that must be carefully reviewed. The topic in itself concerns a sensitive matter and the study group is vulnerable, therefore, an ethical consciousness will be applied throughout the project. RESULTS: The results so far show that EL means being disconnected from life and implies a feeling of being fundamentally separated from others and the world, whether or not one has family, friends, or other close acquaintances. Although significant others highlighted things such as lack of activities, not participating in a social environment, and giving up on life as aspects of EL, the older people themselves highlighted a sense of meaningless waiting, a longing for a deeper connectedness, and restricted freedom as their origins of EL. The views of HCPs on the origin of EL, the place of care, and their own role differed between contexts. CONCLUSIONS: The studies focusing on identifying the evidence base and developing theory are published. These results will now be used to identify potential intervention components, barriers, and enablers for the implementation of an intervention aimed at supporting HCPs in encountering EL among older people. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/13607.
e13607.pdf
(218.4Kb)
https://www.researchprotocols.org/2019/8/e13607/
Now showing items 1-5 of 27230
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